Ọganihu nke teknụzụ bụ isi maka ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ụlọ na-anọchi anya mwepu nhazi site na "bottlenecked" gaa na "njikwa onwe ya na njikwa" n'ofe mpaghara ise: hydraulics, ike, njikwa eletrọnịkị, ihe, na ọgụgụ isi / ọkụ eletrik. E nwetara ya site n'ụzọ ise: ntụgharị injinia, na-aga n'ihu R&D, imekọ ihe ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọchịchọ na-akpata ọnọdụ, na nkwado sitere na isi obodo na atumatu, n'ikpeazụ na-emecha mgbanwe site n'ịgbaso ndị isi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-eduga n'akụkụ akụkụ.
I. Ebe agha anọ bụ isi maka ọganihu teknụzụ isi (Igodo Nodes sitere na 0 ruo 1)
1. Sistemụ Hydraulic: Ọgbọ agha mbụ iji mebie "Bottlenecks" (Na-ekpebi nkenke na ndụ ọrụ)
Ọgba aghara mere eme Tupu 2010, 35MPa nnukwu nfuli isi nfuli, valves ọtụtụ ụzọ, na moto swing bụ Kawasaki, Rexroth, na Parker, na-aza 30%-40% nke ọnụ ahịa igwe. Ndị na-emepụta ụlọ nwere ike ịmepụta akụkụ nkwado dị ala.
Ụzọ nrịbama
- Ntugharị injinia + n'ihu imewe: Sany na XCMG jikọrọ aka na Hengli Hydraulics iji kposaa usoro Kawasaki K3V, na-eduzi mapping na CAE simulation, na ihe ndị meriri na nhazi nke ọma (na-eru ọkwa sub-micron) maka ụzọ abụọ isi esemokwu atọ: plunger pairs, valve plates, na valve spools.
- Nrụpụta ụzọ nka nka:
Sany bụ ọsụ ụzọ mma-eruba hydraulic usoro na 2007, dochie usoro ọdịnala na-adịghị mma, na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ site na 10% yana ibelata oriri mmanụ site na 10%, na-emebi ikike mba ọzọ na njikwa hydraulic.
Hengli Hydraulics mebiri site na 35MPa nfuli mgbanwe mgbanwe dị elu; òkè ahịa ụlọ ya ruru 28% na 2023, site na nnabata nke Sany na XCMG. Ọnụego izu ike nke hydraulic bilitere site na 10% ruo 70%.
- hydraulic njikwa eletrọnịkị zuru oke: Proportal valve kpọmkwem mbanye + AI algọridim dochie anya pilot mmanụ sekit, igbutu pipeline site 50%, ike oriri site 10%, na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ site 15%, na-abanye na "electro-hydraulic akara oge".
- Mmekọrịta yinye ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe: OEMs na hydraulic akụrụngwa emepụta jikọrọ ọnụ calibrated usoro, na-edozi kenha okwu n'etiti "ike-hydraulics-eletrọnịkị njikwa" na-akwụsị mba ọzọ "ike + hydraulics" bundled ahịa.
2. Engine: Site "Ezụrụ Obi" na "Nnwere Onwe Hematopoiesis"
Ọgba aghara mere eme Igwe igwe ndị Japan (Isuzu, Kubota) nwere ihe karịrị 60% òkè ahịa na ụdị 20-ton bụ isi, nwere uru doro anya na oriri mmanụ, ndụ ọrụ na ntụkwasị obi. Usoro ngbanwe nke igwe ụlọ bụ 20%-30% dị mkpụmkpụ.
Ụzọ nrịbama
- Ọganihu nka nka: Weichai, Yuchai, na Shangchai meriri nnukwu ụgbọ okporo ígwè nkịtị, turbocharging, ikike nhata nwere ọgụgụ isi, na njikarịcha ụlọ combustion, na-adaba ọkwa oriri mmanụ ndị Japan—ọbụna dị ala n'ụdị ụfọdụ.
- Ngbanwe ọnọdụ: Kachasị mma maka elu elu, nnukwu uzuzu; mmalite oyi na ịdịte aka rutere n'ọkwa ndị Japan, na-agbatị usoro ngbanwe ahụ site na 8,000 ruo 12,000 awa.
- Nkuku ume ọhụrụ na-agafe:
Eletrik dị ọcha: Batrị CATL 220kWh na-akwado awa 8 nke ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na chaja ngwa ngwa 1 hour, belata ụgwọ ọrụ site na 50%. Ahịa gbagoro 300% na 2025.
Ngwakọ: Usoro ngwakọ nke Sany na-echekwa ike 30%, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọnọdụ ngwuputa.
3. Sistemụ Njikwa Eletrọnịkị: Site na “Mechanical Control” gaa na “ụbụrụ nwere ọgụgụ isi”
Ọgba aghara mere eme Ndabere mbụ na ndị njikwa ebubata; Akpọchiela algọridim, nhazigharị, na nchọpụta mmejọ nke ọma, na-enweghị ohere maka nkwalite onwe ya.
Ụzọ nrịbama
- Ndị njikwa nọọrọ onwe ha + algọridim: Sany na XCMG mepụtara onwe-nyochaa isi njikwa nkeji (MCUs) na njikwa algọridim dị ka TSO na DPC, aghọta ọgụgụ isi engine-hydraulic ike datching na 92% mmejọ mbụ ịdọ aka ná ntị ziri ezi.
- Sensọ na nghọta: Ihe karịrị ụdị sensọ 200 (nrụgide, okpomọkụ, ọnọdụ) mpaghara. Ejikọtara ya na GPS/Beidou, LiDAR, na ọhụụ, nhazi ọkwa ruru ±3cm.
- Ọrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọgụgụ isi: 5G remote O&M, software OTA, na ọrụ a na-ejighị n'aka belatara oge nzaghachi mmejọ site na awa 24 ruo nkeji iri na ise. Ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-enweghị mmadụ nke L4 ebugara na ogbunigwe mere ka arụmọrụ ya dịkwuo mma site na 30% wee belata ụgwọ ọrụ site na 70%.
4. Akụkụ ihe owuwu na ihe eji arụ ọrụ: Site na "Bulky & Fragile" ruo "Elu-ike & Na-adịgide adịgide"
Ọgba aghara mere eme Ọganihu, ogwe aka, na chassis nwere ndụ ike ọgwụgwụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ịdị arọ dị arọ, oke mmanụ ọkụ, na ịgbado ọkụ azụ na usoro ihe onwunwe.
Ụzọ nrịbama
- Nkwalite ihe: Nchara dị elu (Q960, Weldox960) na-abawanye ike site na 50%, belata ibu site na 15%, na ogologo ndụ ọrụ site na 30%.
- Usoro ihe ọhụrụ: Robot ịgbado ọkụ, laser ọnwụ, okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ, na njedebe mmewere kacha arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ike ọgwụgwụ nke ukwuu na nrụrụ nguzogide.
- Nhazi dị arọ: CAE ike ike ọgwụgwụ analysis nweta fechaa ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ike ịzọpụta, na-eweda zuru-ngalaba ụgwọ ndụ.
II. Ihe mgbagha mgbagha isi ise (nkwekọrịta dị n'okpuru nke ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ)
1. Reverse Engineering → Forward R&D: Site na "Iṅomi" na "Innovating"
- Oge mmalite: igwe Caterpillar, Komatsu, na Hitachi gbasasịrị maka eserese na nṅomi iji dozie "dịnụ".
- Nkeji etiti: Mwepu patent + imewe onwe ya, ịmụta isi ụkpụrụ (dịka, mgbagha njikwa hydraulic, ụdị njin ọkụ).
- Ọkwa dị ugbu a: Teknụzụ izizi (ntụgharị dị mma, njikwa eletrọnịkị zuru oke, ngwakọ) na-etolite sistemụ ikike ọgụgụ isi nọọrọ onwe ya.
2. Mmekọrịta Chain Industrial: OEMs + Component Suppliers + Research Institutes
- Sany + Hengli Hydraulics + Weichai: ejikọtara ọnụ agbakwunyere ike-hydraulics-eletrọnịkị njikwa njikwa, na-akwụsị ire ahịa mba ofesi.
- Ọrụ igodo mba + mahadum (Tsinghua, Zhejiang, Mahadum Central South): Nnyocha nyocha gbasara akụrụngwa, usoro na algọridim.
- Chain ọkọnọ nọọrọ onwe ya: njide onwe zuru oke site na ihe ndị bụ isi iji wuchaa igwe, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa site na 20%-30%.
3. Ọchịchọ-Scenario-chụpụrụ: Mgbagwoju anya ọnọdụ ndị China na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ "Teknụzụ ndị China"
Ọnọdụ dị oke egwu (igwe ogbunigwe, ala dị larịị, obodo, ala mmiri) na-amanye R&D na teknụzụ ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya nke ukwuu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, injin elu dị elu, ndị na-egwu egwu amfibi).
Asọmpi ọnụahịa + na-abawanye ụgwọ ọrụ na-eme ka ọgụgụ isi, ọkụ eletrik na arụ ọrụ na-enweghị ọrụ maka mbelata ọnụ ahịa yana nkwalite arụmọrụ.
4. Isi obodo + Atumatu: Site na "Mịnye ọbara" gaa na "Hematopoiesis"
- Atumatu: Mgbapụta CHINA IV, enyemaka ume ọhụrụ, yana amụma mpaghara akụrụngwa dị elu na-eduzi nkwalite teknụzụ.
- Isi obodo: Edepụtara ego nke Sany, XCMG, Hengli Hydraulics kwadoro ntinye ego R&D nke 10-ijeri; Ike ụlọ ọrụ R&D karịrị 5% na 2023.
5. Electrification / ọgụgụ isi: Ịfefe site na New Lanes
- Ngalaba na-enye mmanụ ụgbọala: Site na ndị na-eso ruo nkwekọ, na oghere dị na ụdị elu dị elu.
- Mpaghara eletrik / ọgụgụ isi: Amalitere n'ụwa niile n'otu oge. China nwere uru doro anya na batrị, njikwa eletrọnịkị, 5G, na AI, na-eduga n'ụwa niile na igwe eletriki na igwe anaghị agba nchara.
III. Isi ihe dị mkpa (usoro iheomume nke ihe mkpofu ụlọ)
- 2001: Sany weputara ihe ngwuputa hydraulic nke mbu ya, na-emebi ikike nke mba ozo.
- 2007: Sany's positive-flow hydraulic system mere azụmahịa, arụmọrụ +10%, oriri mmanụ -10%.
- 2011: Sany bụ onye mbụ n'ahịa ụlọ; òkè ụlọ gafere 50%.
- 2018: Hengli Hydraulics '35MPa nfuli nfuli dị elu na-emepụta; ike nke hydraulic karịrị 50%.
- 2023: Ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ụlọ nwere ihe karịrị 40% oke ahịa ụwa; na-eduga n'ụwa niile na teknụzụ eletrik / enweghị mmadụ.
IV. Ọdịiche dị ugbu a na ntụzịaka ga-eme n'ọdịnihu
1. Ọdịiche fọdụrụnụ
- Igwe mmiri / igwe dị elu: Ihe ndị bụ isi maka nnukwu ndị na-egwupụta ihe karịrị tọn 40 na ụdị Ngwuputa ka na-adabere na mbubata.
- Ntụkwasị obi / ịdịte aka: 10% -15% ọdịiche na Caterpillar na Komatsu n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị oke egwu.
- Ngwa/usoro ihe ndị bụ isi: Biari dị elu, akàrà, na ịrụ ọrụ nkenke chọrọ mmega ahụ ọzọ.
2. Ntuzi aka n'ọdịnihu
- hydraulics njikwa eletrọnịkị zuru oke + AI: Meziwanye arụmọrụ ma belata oriri ike.
- Ike eletriki / hydrogen dị ọcha: ihe ọkụkụ efu, ogologo ntachi obi, na-edochi ike mmanụ ọkụ.
- Arụ ọrụ enweghị mmadụ / ụyọkọ: Ngwa zuru oke nke enweghị mmadụ na ogbunigwe na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, arụmọrụ + 50%, ọnụ -80%.
- Mbupụ teknụzụ zuru ụwa ọnụ: Site na "ahịa ire ere" gaa na "ịre teknụzụ + ụkpụrụ".
Nchịkọta
Isi mmalite teknụzụ nke ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ime ụlọ bụ mgbanwe zuru oke: site na nhụsianya otu ihe ruo na nnwere onwe usoro, site na nṅomi azụ ruo n'ịkwalite ihe ọhụrụ, na site n'ịgbaso teknụzụ mmanụ ọkụ ruo n'ịrụ ọkụ.
Ọ na-egosipụta nkwalite usoro mmepụta ihe nke China, imekọ ihe ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ihe ọhụrụ na-akpata ọnọdụ, na nkwado sitere na isi obodo na atumatu - microcosm nke mmepụta China na-esi na nnukwu gaa na nke siri ike.
Ọ ga-amasị gị ka m mepụta a okpokoro ntụnyere isi teknụzụ dị n'etiti ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ (na-ekpuchi hydraulics, ike, njikwa eletrọnịkị, ntụkwasị obi, na ọnụ ahịa) maka nkọwa ngwa ngwa nke oghere na uru?
