Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibanze kubacukuzi bo murugo ryerekana gusimbuka kuri gahunda kuva "gucecekesha" kugera "kwigira no kugenzurwa" mubice bitanu byingenzi: hydraulics, power, control electronique, ibikoresho, nubwenge / amashanyarazi. Byagezweho binyuze mu nzira eshanu: guhindagura ubwubatsi, gutera imbere R&D, ubufatanye bw’inganda, ibisabwa biterwa, no gushyigikirwa n’ishoramari na politiki, amaherezo bikarangira inzibacyuho kuva mu gukurikira kugera ku bayobozi bahuza isi no kuyobora mu bice bimwe.
I. Intambara enye zingenzi ziterambere ryibikorwa bya tekinoroji (Imfunguzo zingenzi kuva 0 kugeza 1)
1.
Dilemma Amateka Mbere ya 2010, pompe nyamukuru 35MPa yumuvuduko mwinshi, indangagaciro zinyuranye, hamwe na moteri ya swing byihariwe na Kawasaki, Rexroth, na Parker, bingana na 30% –40% yikiguzi cyose cyimashini. Inganda zo murugo zishobora gusa gutanga ibice byo hasi-bifasha.
Inzira Zinyuramo
- Hindura injeniyeri + igishushanyo mbonera.
- Guhanga inzira ya tekiniki:
Sany abapayiniya sisitemu nziza-hydraulic sisitemu muri 2007, gusimbuza sisitemu gakondo mbi-itemba, kuzamura imikorere 10% no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya lisansi 10%, guca monopole yamahanga mugucunga hydraulic.
Hengli Hydraulics yamennye pompe 35MPa yumuvuduko mwinshi; umugabane w’isoko ryimbere mu gihugu wageze kuri 28% muri 2023, hamwe na Sany na XCMG. Igipimo cya hydraulic cyo kwihaza cyavuye kuri 10% kigera kuri 70%.
- Hydraulics yuzuye igenzura.
- Ubufatanye bw'inganda.
2. Moteri: Kuva "Umutima Waguzwe" kugeza "Hematopoiesis Yigenga"
Dilemma Amateka Moteri y'Abayapani (Isuzu, Kubota) yari ifite imigabane irenga 60% mumasoko rusange ya toni 20, hamwe nibyiza bigaragara mugukoresha lisansi, ubuzima bwa serivisi, no kwizerwa. Inzira yo kuvugurura moteri yo murugo yari 20% –30% ngufi.
Inzira Zinyuramo
- Iterambere rya tekiniki.
- Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere: Gukwirakwiza ahantu hirengeye, umukungugu mwinshi; ubukonje butangira kandi biramba byegereye urwego rwabayapani, hamwe nigihe cyo kuvugurura cyavuye kumasaha 8,000 kugeza kumasaha 12.000.
- Ingufu nshya zingana:
Amashanyarazi meza: Bateri ya CATL 220kWh ishyigikira amasaha 8 yo gukomeza gukora no kwishyuza amasaha 1 byihuse, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga 50%. Igurishwa ryazamutseho 300% muri 2025.
Hybrid: Sisitemu ya Hybrid ya Sany ibika ingufu 30%, ikoreshwa cyane mubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.
3. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike: Kuva "Kugenzura imashini" kugeza "Ubwonko Bwenge"
Dilemma Amateka Kwishingikiriza hakiri kare kubitumizwa hanze; algorithms, kalibrasi, hamwe no gusuzuma amakosa yarahagaritswe rwose, nta mwanya wo gutezimbere wigenga.
Inzira Zinyuramo
- Abagenzuzi bigenga + algorithms.
- Ibyumviro hamwe n'imyumvire: Ubwoko burenga 200 bwa sensor (igitutu, ubushyuhe, umwanya) byaho. Ufatanije na GPS / Beidou, LiDAR, hamwe niyerekwa, amanota meza agera kuri ± 3cm.
- Imikorere ya kure kandi yubwenge: 5G ya kure ya O&M, software OTA, hamwe nigikorwa kitagira abapilote byagabanije igihe cyo gusubiza amakosa kuva amasaha 24 kugeza kuminota 15. Ubucukuzi bwa L4 butagira abapilote bwakoreshejwe mu birombe bwazamuye imikorere ku kigero cya 30% kandi bugabanya amafaranga y’umurimo 70%.
4. Ibice byubatswe nibikoresho: Kuva "Byinshi & Fragile" kugeza "Imbaraga-Zikomeye & Ziramba"
Dilemma Amateka Booms, amaboko, na chassis yagize ubuzima buke bwumunaniro, uburemere buremereye, gukoresha peteroli nyinshi, hamwe no gusudira inyuma hamwe nibikorwa.
Inzira Zinyuramo
- Kuzamura ibikoresho: Ibyuma bikomeye cyane (Q960, Weldox960) byongereye imbaraga 50%, bigabanya ibiro 15%, kandi ubuzima bwa serivisi bwongerewe 30%.
- Gutunganya udushya: Gusudira kwa robo, gukata lazeri, kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe no kwigana ibintu bitagira ingano bigizwe neza, bigatera imbere cyane umunaniro no kurwanya ihindagurika.
- Igishushanyo cyoroheje.
II. Ibintu bitanu byingenzi byagezweho (Ubwumvikane buke bwabayobozi binganda)
1. Guhindura Ubwubatsi → Imbere R&D: Kuva "Kwandukura" kugeza "Guhanga udushya"
- Icyiciro cya mbere: Imashini za Caterpillar, Komatsu, na Hitachi zashenywe kugirango zishushanye kandi zigana gukemura "kuboneka".
- Icyiciro cyo hagati: Kwirinda patenti + igishushanyo cyigenga, kumenya amahame shingiro (urugero, hydraulic control logic, moderi yo gutwika moteri).
- Icyiciro kigezweho: Ikoranabuhanga ryumwimerere (gutembera neza, kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, kuvanga) bigize sisitemu yumutungo wigenga wigenga.
2. Ubufatanye bwurunigi rwinganda: OEMs + Abatanga ibikoresho + Ibigo byubushakashatsi
- Sany + Hengli Hydraulics + Weichai: Twateje imbere ingufu-hydraulics-elegitoronike yo kugenzura ibisubizo, birangira kugurisha ibicuruzwa hanze.
- Imishinga y'ingenzi y'igihugu + kaminuza (Tsinghua, Zhejiang, Kaminuza yo Hagati y'Amajyepfo): Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bikoresho, inzira, na algorithm.
- Urwego rwigenga rutanga: Kwifata byuzuye kuva ibice byingenzi kugeza imashini zuzuye, kugabanya ibiciro 20% –30%.
3. Icyifuzo-Cyifuzo gisabwa: Imiterere igoye yubushinwa Imvano "Ikoranabuhanga ryubushinwa"
Ibintu bikabije (ibirombe, ibibaya, imijyi, ibishanga) byahatiye R&D kuri tekinoroji yizewe kandi ihuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere (urugero, moteri yo mu butumburuke bwo hejuru, imashini zicukura amphibious).
Irushanwa ry'ibiciro + kuzamuka kw'ibiciro by'umurimo byihutishije ubwenge, amashanyarazi, n'ibikorwa bitagira abadereva bigabanya ibiciro no kuzamura imikorere.
4. Umurwa mukuru + Politiki: Kuva "Gutanga Amaraso" kugeza "Hematopoiesis"
- Politiki: Ibyuka bya CHINA IV, inkunga nshya yingufu, hamwe na politiki yo murwego rwohejuru ibikoresho byaho byayoboye kuzamura ikoranabuhanga.
- Umurwa mukuru: Urutonde rwatewe inkunga na Sany, XCMG, Hengli Hydraulics yashyigikiye miliyari 10 z'ishoramari R&D; inganda R&D ubukana bwarenze 5% muri 2023.
5. Amashanyarazi / Ubwenge: Kurengana unyuze mumihanda mishya
- Imirenge ikoreshwa na lisansi: Kuva gukurikira kugeza guhuza, hamwe nibyuho bisigaye muri moderi yohejuru.
- Amashanyarazi / ubwenge: Yatangiriye kwisi yose icyarimwe. Ubushinwa bufite ibyiza bigaragara muri bateri, kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, 5G, na AI, biza ku isi hose mu bucukuzi bw'amashanyarazi n'abadereva.
III. Ibikorwa by'ingenzi (Igihe ntarengwa cyo kuzamuka mu bucukuzi bw'imbere mu Gihugu)
- 2001: Sany yatangije imashini yambere ya hydraulic icukura, isenya monopole yamahanga.
- 2007: Sisitemu nziza ya hydraulic ya Sany yamamaza ibicuruzwa, gukora neza + 10%, gukoresha lisansi -10%.
- 2011: Sany yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere mu kugurisha imbere mu gihugu; umugabane w'imbere urenga 50%.
- 2018: 35MPa ya Hengli Hydraulics pompe yumuvuduko mwinshi wakozwe cyane; hydraulic yo kwihaza yarenze 50%.
- 2023: Ubucukuzi bw'imbere mu gihugu bufite imigabane irenga 40% ku isoko mpuzamahanga; kuyobora kwisi yose mumashanyarazi / adafite abadereva.
IV. Ibyuho byubu hamwe nicyerekezo kizaza
1. Ibyuho bisigaye
- Hydraulics yo mu rwego rwo hejuru / moteri: Ibice byingenzi kubucukuzi bunini burenga toni 40 hamwe nubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro buracyashingira kubitumizwa hanze.
- Kwizerwa / kuramba: 10% –15% icyuho na Caterpillar na Komatsu mubihe bikabije.
- Ibikoresho by'ibanze / inzira: Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, kashe, hamwe no gutunganya neza bikeneye izindi ntambwe.
2. Icyerekezo Cyiza Cyerekezo
- Hydraulics yuzuye igenzura + AI: Kongera kunoza imikorere no kugabanya gukoresha ingufu.
- Ingufu z'amashanyarazi / hydrogen nziza: Ibyuka bya zeru, kwihangana birebire, gusimbuza byuzuye ingufu za lisansi.
- Ibikorwa bidafite abadereva / cluster: Porogaramu yuzuye idafite abadereva mu birombe no ku byambu, imikorere + 50%, igiciro -80%.
- Kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi hose: Kuva "kugurisha ibicuruzwa" kugeza "kugurisha ikoranabuhanga + ibipimo".
Incamake
Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryibanze mu bucukuzi bw’imbere mu gihugu ni ubwihindurize bwuzuye: kuva ku ngingo imwe kugera ku bwigenge bwa gahunda, kuva kwigana ukageza ku guhanga udushya, no kuva mu ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli kugeza ku mashanyarazi.
Irerekana gahunda y’inganda mu Bushinwa kuzamura, ubufatanye bw’uruhererekane rw’inganda, guhanga udushya, no gushyigikirwa n’imari shingiro na politiki - microcosm y’inganda z’Ubushinwa ziva mu bunini zikomera.
Urashaka ko nkora a Imbonerahamwe yibanze yo kugereranya hagati yubucukuzi bwimbere mu gihugu n’amahanga .
