Impumelelo yetekhnoloji engundoqo yabembi basekhaya imele ukutsiba okucwangcisiweyo ukusuka “kwibhodlelane” ukuya “ngokuzimela kwaye kuyalawuleka” kuwo wonke amasimi amakhulu amahlanu: ihydraulics, amandla, ulawulo lwe-elektroniki, izixhobo, kunye nobukrelekrele / ukufakelwa kombane. Iphunyezwe ngeendlela ezintlanu: ubunjineli obubuyela umva, i-R&D eya phambili, intsebenziswano yekhonkco leshishini, imfuno eqhutywa yimeko, kunye nenkxaso evela kwimali eyinkunzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, ekugqibeleni igqibezela inguqu ukusuka ekulandeleni ukuya kungqamana neenkokeli zehlabathi kunye nokukhokelela kwiinkalo ezithile.
I. IiNdawo ezine eziPhambili zeDabi kwiiNqanawa zeTekhnoloji eziPhambili (IiNdawo eziphambili ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-1)
1. Inkqubo ye-Hydraulic: I-Battlefield yokuqala yokuqhawula "i-Bottlenecks" (Imisela ukuchaneka kunye noBomi beNkonzo)
Ingxaki ngokwembali Phambi kowama-2010, iimpompo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezingama-35MPa, iivalvu zeendlela ezininzi, kunye neenjini zokujingi zazilawulwa yiKawasaki, iRexroth, kunye neParker, ibalelwa kwi-30% -40% yexabiso lilonke lomatshini. Abavelisi basekhaya banokuvelisa kuphela iindawo ezixhasayo ezikumgangatho ophantsi.
Iindlela zokuPhumelela
- Buyisa ubunjineli + uyilo oluya phambili: I-Sany kunye ne-XCMG isebenzisana ne-Hengli Hydraulics ukuqhaqha uchungechunge lwe-Kawasaki K3V, ukuqhuba imephu ye-reverse kunye nokulinganisa kwe-CAE, kunye nezixhobo ezinqobileyo kunye nokuchaneka kwe-machining (ukufikelela kwinqanaba le-sub-micron) kwiibini ezintathu eziphambili ze-friction: i-plunger pairs, i-valve plates, kunye ne-valve spools.
- Indlela entsha yobugcisa:
USany waba nguvulindlela inkqubo ye-hydraulic ehamba kakuhle ngo-2007, ukutshintshwa kweenkqubo zemveli zokungahambi kakuhle, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nge-10% kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha nge-10%, ukwaphula i-monopoly yangaphandle kulawulo lwe-hydraulic.
I-Hengli Hydraulics yaqhekeza iimpompo eziguquguqukayo ze-35MPa eziphezulu zoxinzelelo; isabelo sayo semarike yasekhaya sifikelele kwi-28% ngo-2023, kunye nokwamkelwa kobuninzi ngu-Sany kunye ne-XCMG. Izinga lokuzixhasa nge-hydraulic linyuke ukusuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-70%.
- Ulawulo olupheleleyo lwe-elektroniki hydraulics: I-valve ye-proportional drive drive + AI algorithms ithathe indawo ye-pilot oil circuits, ukusika imibhobho nge-50%, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla nge-10%, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nge-15%, ukungena "kwixesha lokulawula i-electro-hydraulic".
- Intsebenziswano yekhonkco lezoshishino: Ii-OEMs kunye nabavelisi becandelo le-hydraulic component jointly calibrated systems, ukusombulula imiba ehambelanayo phakathi kwe "power-hydraulics-electronic control" kunye nokuphelisa "amandla + hydraulics" angaphandle ukuthengiswa.
2. Injini: Ukusuka “kwintliziyo ethengiweyo” ukuya “kwi-Hematopoiesis eZimeleyo”
Ingxaki ngokwembali Iinjini zaseJapan (I-Isuzu, Kubota) zibambe ngaphezulu kwe-60% yesabelo semarike kwiimodeli eziqhelekileyo zeetoni ezingama-20, kunye neenzuzo ezicacileyo ekusebenziseni amafutha, ubomi benkonzo, kunye nokuthembeka. Umjikelo wokulungiswa kweenjini zasekhaya ubufutshane ngama-20% -30%.
Iindlela zokuPhumelela
- Ukuphumelela kobugcisa: I-Weichai, i-Yuchai, kunye ne-Shangchai yoyisa i-high-pressure common rail, i-turbocharging, ukulinganisa amandla ahlakaniphile, kunye nokulungiswa kwegumbi lokutsha, ukuhambelana namanqanaba okusetyenziswa kwe-fuel yaseJapan-nangaphantsi kwezinye iimodeli.
- Uhlengahlengiso lwemeko: Ilungiselelwe umgangatho ophezulu, iimeko ezinothuli oluphezulu; isiqalo esibandayo kunye nokuqina kusondela kumanqanaba aseJapan, kunye nomjikelo wokulungisa owandisiweyo ukusuka kwi-8,000 ukuya kwii-12,000 iiyure.
- Ikona yamandla amatsha:
Umbane ococekileyo: Iibhetri ze-CATL 220kWh zixhasa iiyure ze-8 zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunye neyure ye-1 yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ukusika iindleko zokugcina nge-50%. Intengiso inyuke nge-300% ngo-2025.
Umhlanganiselwa: Inkqubo ye-hybrid ye-Sany igcina i-30% yamandla, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiimeko zemigodi.
3. Inkqubo yoLawulo lweKhompyutha: Ukusuka “kuLawulo loomatshini” ukuya “kuBuchule obukrelekrele”
Ingxaki ngokwembali Ukuxhomekeka kwangethuba kubalawuli abangenisiweyo; ii-algorithms, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokuxilongwa kwempazamo zavalwa ngokupheleleyo, kungekho gumbi lokulungela okuzimeleyo.
Iindlela zokuPhumelela
- Abalawuli abazimeleyo + algorithms: I-Sany kunye ne-XCMG iphuhlise i-self-researched main control units (MCUs) kunye nolawulo lwe-algorithms efana ne-TSO kunye ne-DPC, ukuqonda amandla e-injini-hydraulic amandla ahlakaniphile kunye ne-92% yokuchaneka kwesilumkiso kwangaphambili.
- Iinzwa kunye nokuqonda: Ngaphezu kwe-200 yeentlobo ze-sensor (uxinzelelo, ubushushu, indawo) zendawo. Idityaniswe ne-GPS / Beidou, i-LiDAR, kunye nombono, ukuchaneka kokuhlelwa kufikelela kwi-± 3cm.
- Imisebenzi ekude kunye nobukrelekrele: I-5G ekude ye-O & M, i-software ye-OTA, kunye nokusebenza okungekho mntu kuncitshiswe ixesha lokuphendula impazamo ukusuka kwiiyure ze-24 ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-15. Abembi bemigodi be-L4 abangenamntu abafakwe emigodini baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle ngama-30% kwaye banciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi ngama-70%.
4. Amacandelo oLwakhiwo kunye neMathiriyeli: Ukusuka kwi-"Bulky & Fragile" ukuya "kuMmandla oPhezulu kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide"
Ingxaki ngokwembali I-Booms, iingalo, kunye ne-chassis yafumana ubomi obufutshane bokudinwa, ubunzima obunzima, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ephezulu, kunye ne-welding engasemva kunye neenkqubo zezinto eziphathekayo.
Iindlela zokuPhumelela
- Ukuphuculwa kwezinto: Iintsimbi eziphezulu (Q960, Weldox960) zandisa amandla ngama-50%, zinciphisa ubunzima nge-15%, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo ngama-30%.
- Inkqubo entsha: I-Robot welding, ukusika i-laser, unyango lobushushu, kunye ne-finite element simulation optimized structures, iphucula kakhulu ukudinwa kunye nokumelana nokuguqulwa.
- Uyilo olulula: Uhlalutyo lokukhathala okuguquguqukayo kwe-CAE lufezekiseke izixhobo zokusebenza ezilula kunye nokonga amandla, ukunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo.
II. IiNgcebiso eziHlanu eziNgqondo zokuPhumelela (Imvumelwano eNgaphantsi kweeNkokeli zoShishino)
1. Buyisela umva ubuNjineli → Dlulisa phambili i-R&D: Ukusuka “kuKhuphela” ukuya “kukwenza izinto ezintsha”
- Inqanaba lokuqala: I-Caterpillar, i-Komatsu, kunye noomatshini be-Hitachi abachithiweyo ukwenza imephu kunye nokulinganisa ukusombulula "ukufumaneka".
- Inqanaba eliphakathi: Ukuphepha i-patent + ukuyila okuzimeleyo, imigaqo engundoqo yokulawula (umzekelo, i-hydraulic control logic, imodeli yokutshisa injini).
- Inqanaba langoku: Ubuchwephesha bokuqala (umqukuqelo olungileyo, ulawulo olupheleleyo lombane, umhlanganiselwa) obumba inkqubo yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda.
2. I-Industrial Chain Collaboration: ii-OEMs + ababoneleli beCandelo + amaZiko oPhando
- I-Sany + Hengli Hydraulics + Weichai: Ngokudibeneyo iphuhliswe ngokudibeneyo izisombululo zolawulo lwe-electronics-hydraulics-electronic control, ukuphelisa ukuthengiswa kwempahla yangaphandle.
- Iiprojekthi eziphambili zeSizwe + iiyunivesithi (Tsinghua, Zhejiang, Central University University): Uphando olusisiseko kwizinto, iinkqubo, kunye ne-algorithms.
- Ikhonkco lokubonelela elizimeleyo: Ukuzilawula ngokupheleleyo ukusuka kumacandelo angundoqo ukuya kumatshini opheleleyo, ukunciphisa iindleko ngama-20% -30%.
3. IiMfuno eziqhutywa yimeko: Ukuzalwa kweeMeko zokuSebenza zaseTshayina
Iimeko ezigqithisileyo (imigodi, amathafa, izixeko, imigxobhozo) inyanzelise i-R&D kubuchwephesha obuthembeke kakhulu nobuguquguqukayo (umzekelo, iinjini zobude obuphezulu, abagrumbi be-amphibious).
Ukhuphiswano lwamaxabiso + ukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kukhawulezise ubukrelekrele, ukufakwa kombane, kunye nemisebenzi engaqhutywa mntu yokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
4. I-Capital + Imigaqo-nkqubo: Ukusuka kwi-“Blood Transfusion” ukuya kwi-“Hematopoiesis”
- Imigaqo-nkqubo: Ukukhutshwa kwe-CHINA IV, inkxaso-mali entsha yamandla, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezixhobo ze-high-end ezikhokelela ekuphuculweni kobuchwepheshe.
- I-Capital: Uluhlu lwenkxaso-mali ye-Sany, i-XCMG, i-Hengli Hydraulics ixhasa i-10-billion-level-level R&D investment; Ukuqina kweR&D kwishishini kudlule kwi-5% ngo-2023.
5. Ukufakelwa koMbane / ubukrelekrele: Ukugqitha ngeNdlela eNtsha
- Icandelo elinamandla ngamafutha: Ukusuka ekulandeleni ukuya kungqamaniso, kukho izikhewu ezishiyekileyo kwiimodeli eziphezulu.
- Icandelo lombane / lobukrelekrele: Yaqala kwihlabathi lonke ngexesha elinye. I-China ineengenelo ezicacileyo kwiibhetri, ulawulo lwe-elektroniki, i-5G, kunye ne-AI, ekhokelela kwihlabathi jikelele kwi-excavators yombane kunye nabangenamntu.
III. Amanqaku abalulekileyo (Umda wexesha lokuPhakamisa koMbiwa wasekhaya)
- Ngo-2001: I-Sany yaphehlelela i-excavator yayo yokuqala yabucala ye-hydraulic, iphula imonopoly yangaphandle.
- I-2007: I-Sany's positive-flow hydraulic system yentengiso, ukusebenza kakuhle + 10%, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha -10%.
- 2011: USany wabekwa kwindawo yokuqala kwiintengiso zasekhaya; Isabelo sasekhaya sigqithile kuma-50%.
- I-2018: I-Hengli Hydraulics 'i-35MPa i-high-pressure pumps mass-produced; ukuzimela nge-hydraulic self-ukwaneliseka kudlule kwi-50%.
- 2023: Abembi bezinto zasekhaya babambe ngaphezulu kwe-40% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi; ekhokelayo kwihlabathi kubuchwepheshe bombane / obungenamntu.
IV. Izikhewu zangoku kunye nezikhokelo zexesha elizayo
1. Izikhewu eziSeleyo
- Ii-hydraulics / ii-injini zomgangatho ophezulu: Amalungu angundoqo oombiwa abakhulu abangaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-40 kunye nemifuziselo yokwembiwa kwemigodi isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.
- Ukuthembeka / ukuqina: i-10% -15% isithuba seCaterpillar kunye neKomatsu phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
- Izinto ezisisiseko / iinkqubo: Iibheringi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, izitywina, kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo zifuna impumelelo eyongezelelekileyo.
2. Izalathiso zokuPhumelela kwikamva
- Ulawulo olupheleleyo lwe-elektroniki lwe-hydraulics + AI: Ukuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Amandla ombane asulungekileyo / e-hydrogen: Ukukhutshwa kweZero, ukunyamezela ixesha elide, ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo amandla epetroli.
- Imisebenzi engasebenziyo / yeqela: Isicelo esipheleleyo esingenamntu kwimigodi kunye namachweba, ukusebenza kakuhle + 50%, iindleko -80%.
- Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweteknoloji yehlabathi: Ukusuka "kwiimveliso zokuthengisa" ukuya "kukuthengisa iteknoloji + imigangatho".
Isishwankathelo
Impumelelo yetekhnoloji engundoqo yabagrumbi basekhaya yinguquko epheleleyo: ukusuka kwinqaku elinye ukuya kukuzimela okucwangcisiweyo, ukusuka ekuxeliseni umva ukuya kuphuhliso lwangaphambili, kunye nokusuka ekulandeleni itekhnoloji yamafutha ukuya kumbane okhokelayo.
Ibonisa ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yoshishino yaseTshayina, intsebenziswano yeshishini, inguqu eqhutywa yimeko, kunye nenkxaso evela kwimali eyinkunzi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo - i-microcosm yokwenziwa kwemveliso yaseTshayina ukusuka kumakhulu ukuya komelele.
Ngaba ungathanda ukuba ndenze i Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa itekhnoloji engundoqo phakathi kwabembi basekhaya nabangaphandle (ukugquma iihydraulics, amandla, ulawulo lwe-elektroniki, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko) ukujonga ngokukhawuleza kwezithuba kunye neenzuzo?
