Le dokhumenti ingeyereferensi kuphela futhi ayiqondile noma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo noma umkhiqizo.
Ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwamayunithi ahlukahlukene okulawula ama-excavator (afana ne-ECU, i-EECU, ne-IECU), ukuqinisekiswa kungenziwa ngezimo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwangempela kokusebenza, impendulo yephutha, nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo. Kuhlanganiswe nezimo zangempela zemikhiqizo evamile njenge-Komatsu, i-Caterpillar, i-SANY, ne-Volvo, izigaba ezilandelayo zinemininingwane yokuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwamayunithi okulawula ekhwalithi ephezulu nekhwalithi ephansi ngokombono wokusebenza, ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha, nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, ngokusebenza okuqinile okusebenzayo:
I-Caterpillar 320D: Ukungafani Kokusebenza Phakathi Kwamabhodi Esifunda Ekhwalithi Ephezulu kanye Nekhwalithi Ephansi (Amayunithi Okulawula)
Icala 1: Iyunithi Yokulawula Ikhwalithi Ephezulu
Kuphrojekthi enkulu yomhlabathi, i-Caterpillar 320D excavator efakwe ibhodi yesifunda yomkhiqizi wemishini yokuqala (i-OEM) ingavumelana ngokunembile nezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene. Lapho isebenza enhlabathini ethambile, iyunithi yokulawula ithole ukumelana nokumba okuphansi ngezinzwa futhi yashintshela ngokuzenzakalela kumodi yezomnotho enamandla aphansi, inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngo-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zesigaba esifanayo. Emisebenzini yezimayini enzima neyokuphuka kwamatshe, yandisa ngokushesha i-torque yenjini, iqinisekisa umthamo ozinzile wama-cubic metres angama-200-300 ngehora-10% -20% isebenza kahle kunemishini ejwayelekile yohlobo olufanayo.
Ukwengeza, phakathi nephrojekthi yokwakha umhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba, iyunithi yokulawula ithole ukwenyuka okungavamile kwezinga lokushisa likawoyela we-hydraulic futhi ngokushesha yacupha i-alamu esibukweni. Izisebenzi zokunakekela zihlanze ngokushesha imfucumfucu kurediyetha ngokusekelwe kulesi sexwayiso, zanqanda ukulimala kwesistimu ye-hydraulic kanye nokubonisa iphutha elinamandla lekhono lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi.
Icala 2: Iyunithi Yokulawula Ikhwalithi Ephansi
Enye i-Caterpillar 320D ibe nebhodi lesekhethi ye-OEM elimele yathathelwa indawo enye enezindleko eziphansi evela emthonjeni ongagunyaziwe. Kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokusetshenziswa, umshini wokumba uvamise ukuba nenjini engenzi lutho ngaphandle kwempendulo evela ezenzweni zokumba, futhi azikho izibani eziyisixwayiso ezenziwa kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Ukuhlolwa kwesondlo kwembula ukuthi ukudayiswa okuxekethile kwezikhonkwane zangaphakathi zeyunithi yokulawula ikhwalithi ephansi kuvimbela isistimu ye-hydraulic ekutholeni imiyalo.
Leli phutha libambezele iphrojekthi amahora ambalwa. Kamuva, ngenxa yokungakwazi kweyunithi yokulawula ukulawula ngokunembile amandla, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenyuka ngo-30%, kanye nezenzo zokumba zaba yi-jerky. Iyunithi yaqedwa ngokuphelele ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokutubeka kwesekethe.
I-SANY SY19E: Ukuqinisekiswa Kwezinzuzo Zekhwalithi Zamayunithi Okulawula Ahlanganisiwe
Iyunithi yokulawula edidiyelwe yonke into eyodwa efakwe ku-SANY SY19E mini-excavator kagesi iyisibonelo esijwayelekile seyunithi yokulawula yekhwalithi ephezulu. Le yunithi ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi, okuhlanganisa idrayivu kagesi i-MCU, i-OBC eshajayo, kanye ne-DCDC yokuphakela amandla kagesi aphansi. Uma kuqhathaniswa namayunithi okulawula asabalalisiwe endabuko, inosayizi omncane nokuhambisana okuqinile.
Kuphrojekthi yokulungiswa kwangaphakathi endlini efekthri yokudla, iyunithi yokulawula isebenze ngokubambisana nohlelo lwe-SLSS hydraulic ukuze lilawule ngokunembile ukugeleza okusekelwe ekushintsheni komthwalo. Ibonise ukulawula okuncane okuhle kwebhakede, okuvumela ukumba ekhoneni okunembile ezindaweni eziwumngcingo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kubhangqwe nesilawuli sokuphatha okushisayo esihlakaniphile, okokusebenza kugcine izinga lokushisa elizinzile phakathi nokusebenza kwehora elide, ngaphandle kwama-alamu amaphutha abikiwe ngisho nangemva kwamahora angu-8 alandelanayo okusebenza.
Ngokuphambene, okokusebenza okuqhudelanayo kwethoni efanayo efakwe amayunithi okulawula ajwayelekile kuvame ukuba nokubambezeleka kwesenzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokushisa okungekuhle kwamayunithi abo okulawula, laba baqhudelani babangela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuvikelwa kokuvala shaqa ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kugqamisa izinzuzo zekhwalithi zeyunithi yokulawula edidiyelwe ye-SANY mayelana nokuzinza kokusebenza nezinga lokuhlanganisa.
I-Volvo Excavators: Ukuqhathaniswa Kweyunithi Yokulawula 'Ukuguquguquka Kwemvelo
Kuphrojekthi ye-Volvo excavator echwebeni, amayunithi amabili afakwe neyunithi yokulawula ye-OEM kanye neyunithi yokulawula mbumbulu yenkampani yangaphandle, ngokulandelana, ukuze kulinganiswe imisebenzi ezindaweni zokuphatha impahla. Indawo yechweba ibonakala ngomswakama ophezulu kanye nokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti esivamile.
Iyunithi yokulawula ye-OEM ifake isilinganiso sokuvikela se-IP67 esinomklamo ovaliwe, indlu evikela ukugqwala, kanye nembobo evikela umswakama kumasekhethi angaphakathi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 yokusetshenziswa, ihlangabezane nokuguquguquka kwesignali okukodwa kuphela, okutholwe njengokungahlangani kahle kwezintambo zezintambo—okungahlobene neyunithi yokulawula ngokwayo.
Ngokuphambene, i-excavator eneyunithi yokulawula umgunyathi yaqala ukuba namaphutha okuxhumana njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-6 zokusetshenziswa, nama-alamu aqhubekayo kuphaneli yezinsimbi. Ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazwa kwezindlu kuveze ukuthi izindlu zomgunyathi azivaliwe kahle; ukungena kwesifutho sikasawoti kubangele ukugqwala kwamabhodi esekethe angaphakathi kanye nokuphuka kwephinikhodi okubangelwa yi-oxidation. Ukwengeza, iyunithi yokulawula umgunyathi ayikwazanga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokudlidliza kwechweba eliphezulu. Phakathi nokudlidliza okubangelwa ukuphathwa kwempahla enzima, ukudluliswa kwedatha kwaphazanyiswa izikhathi eziningi, okuholela ezenzweni ezingalungile zesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ekugcineni, iyunithi yomgunyathi yathathelwa indawo eye-OEM ngenxa yomonakalo ongalungiseki.
I-excavator ye-Doosan yavaleka kungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza, iphaneli yezinsimbi ibonisa “iphutha lokuxhumana le-ECU” kanye “nogesi wejeneretha ongajwayelekile.” I-excavator yehlulekile ukuqala kabusha ngemuva kwalokho. Abasebenzi bezokunakekela balandele izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuxazulula inkinga:
Kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-voltage yebhethri namafusi ajwayelekile.
I-Doosan Excavators: Ihlonza Ikhwalithi Yeyunithi Yokulawula Ngokuxilonga Amaphutha
Ihlole itheminali ye-ECU futhi yathola ukuthi i-voltage esuka kusekethe yokuvalwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo eya ku-ECU ingu-0V (i-voltage evamile kufanele ibe ngu-25V).
Ekugcineni kukhonjwe amahhanisi ezintambo ezigugile njengembangela yokuhluleka kwamandla e-ECU.
Kuleli qophelo, inzuzo yeyunithi yokulawula yekhwalithi ephezulu yaba sobala: ngemva kokuba ukuhluleka kwamandla sekuxazululiwe futhi amahhanisi ezintambo axhunywa kabusha, i-OEM ECU yaqala kabusha ukusebenza okuvamile ngaphandle kokudideka kwedatha noma ukonakaliswa kokusebenza. Wonke amapharamitha ahlala ezinzile emisebenzini eyalandela.
Ngaphambilini, omunye umemba we-Doosan onekhwalithi ephansi ye-ECU uhlangabezane nenkinga efanayo ye-wire harness short-circuit. Ngemuva kokuthi iphutha selilungisiwe, i-ECU yekhwalithi ephansi isalokhu ithola ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yomjovo kaphethiloli. Ekugcineni kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi amasekhethi angaphakathi eyunithi yekhwalithi ephansi ayenekhono elibi lokulwa nokushaqeka, okuholela emonakalweni ongenakulungiseka phakathi nesifunda esifushane. Leli cala libonisa ukuthi amayunithi okulawula ekhwalithi ephansi aphansi kakhulu kunekhwalithi ephezulu ngokumelana namaphutha.
I-Case New Holland Smart Power-Match System-Matched Control Unit: Idizayini Edidiyelwe Ibonisa Ukusebenza Kwekhwalithi Ephezulu
Ucezu lwempahla yokwakha lwalufakwe isistimu yamandla ehlakaniphile ye-Case New Holland CSP, iyunithi yayo yokulawula efanisiwe ehlanganiswe nephampu yokulawula kagesi yedijithali. Le yunithi yokulawula isekela imisebenzi efana ne-electronic anti-stall kanye nokulawula i-torque eguquguqukayo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi, inika amandla ukufanisa okunembile phakathi kokumuncwa kwamandla kwepompo ye-hydraulic namandla atholakalayo enjini.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokumba umsebenzi onzima, iyunithi yokulawula ingakwazi ukulungisa imingcele yesistimu ye-hydraulic ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela okokusebenza ukuthi kusebenze ngokuzinzile ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesistimu ye-315 bar ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwamandla noma izinkinga zokucindezela okungavamile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini evamile enepompo ehlukile kanye nomklamo we-ECU, le yunithi yokulawula edidiyelwe ayigcini nje ngokwenza lula ukwakheka kodwa futhi inciphisa ukubambezeleka kokudluliselwa kwesignali, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza ngo-20%.
Ngokuphambene, abavubukuli bohlobo olufanayo abahlomekele amayunithi okulawula ajwayelekile bavame ukuzwa ukwehla kwesivinini senjini kanye nezenzo ze-hydraulic ezinyakazayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kukaphethiloli bekungaphezulu ngo-18% kunemishini yokusebenza neyunithi yokulawula ye-Case New Holland. Lokhu kugqamisa izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamayunithi okulawula ekhwalithi ephezulu ku-synergy yesistimu nokulawula okunembayo
